15-mark scenario questions

Question 1

A weather station records the temperature, in °C, every hour for one week. The readings are stored in the 2D array Temperature[1:7, 1:24] of type REAL, where Temperature[2, 13] is the reading at hour 13 of day 2. The 1D array DayName[1:7] stores the names of the days, "Monday" to "Sunday". Both arrays have already been declared and contain the data.

Write a program that:
- finds, for each day, the highest and lowest temperature and calculates the average temperature
- outputs, for each day, the day name and its highest, lowest and average temperature, with the average rounded to one decimal place
- finds and outputs the name of the day with the greatest range of temperatures (highest minus lowest)
- counts and outputs the number of readings in the week that were below 0 °C
- then allows the user to input a day number, validated to be from 1 to 7, and outputs all 24 readings for that day with their hour numbers.

You must use pseudocode or program code and add comments to explain how your code works. All inputs and outputs must contain suitable messages. Declare any variables you use.

Accepted Answer

~~~ // Temperature and DayName are already declared and contain the data DECLARE Day, Hour, FreezingCount, WidestDay, Choice : INTEGER DECLARE High, Low, Total, Range, WidestRange : REAL FreezingCount ← 0 WidestRange ← -1.0 WidestDay ← 1 FOR Day ← 1 TO 7 // Start each day with its first reading as both highest and lowest High ← Temperature[Day, 1] Low ← Temperature[Day, 1] Total ← 0.0 FOR Hour ← 1 TO 24 IF Temperature[Day, Hour] > High THEN High ← Temperature[Day, Hour] ENDIF IF Temperature[Day, Hour] < Low THEN Low ← Temperature[Day, Hour] ENDIF IF Temperature[Day, Hour] < 0 THEN FreezingCount ← FreezingCount + 1 ENDIF Total ← Total + Temperature[Day, Hour] NEXT Hour OUTPUT DayName[Day], ": highest ", High, ", lowest ", Low, ", average ", ROUND(Total / 24, 1) // Keep the day with the greatest range Range ← High - Low IF Range > WidestRange THEN WidestRange ← Range WidestDay ← Day ENDIF NEXT Day OUTPUT "Day with the greatest range: ", DayName[WidestDay] OUTPUT "Number of readings below 0 °C: ", FreezingCount // Show all the readings for a day chosen by the user OUTPUT "Enter a day number (1 to 7)" INPUT Choice WHILE Choice < 1 OR Choice > 7 DO OUTPUT "The day number must be from 1 to 7. Enter it again" INPUT Choice ENDWHILE FOR Hour ← 1 TO 24 OUTPUT "Hour ", Hour, ": ", Temperature[Choice, Hour], " °C" NEXT Hour ~~~

Question 2

A shop sells 50 different items, numbered 1 to 50. The 1D arrays ItemName[1:50], Price[1:50] and Stock[1:50] store each item's name, price in £ and the number in stock; for example, Stock[7] is the number of item 7 in stock. The arrays have already been declared and contain the data.

Write a program that:
- repeatedly inputs the number of an item sold, until 0 is entered to finish; the item number must be from 0 to 50
- if the item is out of stock, outputs a message; otherwise inputs the quantity sold, which must be from 1 to the number in stock
- reduces the stock of the item by the quantity sold and outputs the item name and the cost of that sale
- keeps a running total of the value of all sales and counts the number of sales made
- when 0 is entered, outputs the total value of sales and the number of sales, then outputs the name and stock level of every item that now has fewer than 5 in stock.

Every input must be validated. You must use pseudocode or program code and add comments to explain how your code works. All inputs and outputs must contain suitable messages. Declare any variables you use.

Accepted Answer

~~~ // ItemName, Price and Stock are already declared and contain the data DECLARE Item, Quantity, NumSales : INTEGER DECLARE Cost, SalesTotal : REAL SalesTotal ← 0.0 NumSales ← 0 OUTPUT "Enter the item number sold (1 to 50), or 0 to finish" INPUT Item WHILE Item < 0 OR Item > 50 DO OUTPUT "Invalid item number: enter 1 to 50, or 0 to finish" INPUT Item ENDWHILE WHILE Item <> 0 DO IF Stock[Item] = 0 THEN OUTPUT ItemName[Item], " is out of stock" ELSE OUTPUT "Enter the quantity sold (1 to ", Stock[Item], ")" INPUT Quantity // Cannot sell more than are in stock WHILE Quantity < 1 OR Quantity > Stock[Item] DO OUTPUT "Invalid quantity: enter 1 to ", Stock[Item] INPUT Quantity ENDWHILE Stock[Item] ← Stock[Item] - Quantity Cost ← Price[Item] * Quantity OUTPUT Quantity, " x ", ItemName[Item], " costs £", ROUND(Cost, 2) SalesTotal ← SalesTotal + Cost NumSales ← NumSales + 1 ENDIF // Next item number OUTPUT "Enter the item number sold (1 to 50), or 0 to finish" INPUT Item WHILE Item < 0 OR Item > 50 DO OUTPUT "Invalid item number: enter 1 to 50, or 0 to finish" INPUT Item ENDWHILE ENDWHILE OUTPUT "Total value of sales: £", ROUND(SalesTotal, 2) OUTPUT "Number of sales: ", NumSales // Reorder list OUTPUT "Items with fewer than 5 in stock:" FOR Item ← 1 TO 50 IF Stock[Item] < 5 THEN OUTPUT ItemName[Item], ": ", Stock[Item], " left" ENDIF NEXT Item ~~~

Question 3

In a local election, five candidates stand and the votes are counted at eight polling stations. The candidates' names are stored in the 1D array CandidateName[1:5] and the votes in the 2D array Votes[1:5, 1:8], where Votes[2, 6] is the number of votes for candidate 2 at polling station 6. Both arrays have already been declared.

Write a program that:
- inputs the name of each candidate, which must not be empty
- inputs the number of votes for each candidate at each polling station, which must be from 0 to 5000, and stores it in Votes
- calculates each candidate's total number of votes and the total number of votes cast
- outputs each candidate's name, total votes and percentage of all the votes cast, rounded to one decimal place
- outputs the name of the winner (the candidate with the most votes) or, if two or more candidates share the highest total, the message "The result is a tie".

You must use pseudocode or program code and add comments to explain how your code works. All inputs and outputs must contain suitable messages. You must declare any extra arrays and variables you use.

Accepted Answer

~~~
// CandidateName and Votes are already declared
DECLARE CandidateTotal : ARRAY[1:5] OF INTEGER
DECLARE Candidate, Station, NumVotes, AllVotes, HighestVotes, Winner, NumAtHighest : INTEGER

AllVotes ← 0
FOR Candidate ← 1 TO 5
    OUTPUT "Enter the name of candidate ", Candidate
    INPUT CandidateName[Candidate]
    WHILE CandidateName[Candidate] = "" DO
        OUTPUT "The name must not be empty. Enter it again"
        INPUT CandidateName[Candidate]
    ENDWHILE
    CandidateTotal[Candidate] ← 0
    FOR Station ← 1 TO 8
        OUTPUT "Enter the votes for ", CandidateName[Candidate], " at polling station ", Station
        INPUT NumVotes
        WHILE NumVotes < 0 OR NumVotes > 5000 DO
            OUTPUT "Invalid: the votes must be from 0 to 5000. Enter them again"
            INPUT NumVotes
        ENDWHILE
        Votes[Candidate, Station] ← NumVotes
        CandidateTotal[Candidate] ← CandidateTotal[Candidate] + NumVotes
    NEXT Station
    AllVotes ← AllVotes + CandidateTotal[Candidate]
NEXT Candidate

// Percentages can only be worked out once every vote has been counted
HighestVotes ← -1
Winner ← 1
FOR Candidate ← 1 TO 5
    OUTPUT CandidateName[Candidate], ": ", CandidateTotal[Candidate], " votes (", ROUND(CandidateTotal[Candidate] / AllVotes * 100, 1), "%)"
    IF CandidateTotal[Candidate] > HighestVotes
      THEN
        HighestVotes ← CandidateTotal[Candidate]
        Winner ← Candidate
    ENDIF
NEXT Candidate

// Check for a tie at the top
NumAtHighest ← 0
FOR Candidate ← 1 TO 5
    IF CandidateTotal[Candidate] = HighestVotes
      THEN
        NumAtHighest ← NumAtHighest + 1
    ENDIF
NEXT Candidate
IF NumAtHighest > 1
  THEN
    OUTPUT "The result is a tie"
  ELSE
    OUTPUT "The winner is ", CandidateName[Winner]
ENDIF
~~~

Question 4

A restaurant has 8 dishes on its menu and 20 tables. The dish names are stored in the 1D array MenuItem[1:8] and their prices, in £, in the 1D array ItemPrice[1:8]; both already contain their data. The 1D array TableTotal[1:20] of type REAL has also been declared.

Write a program that:
- sets the total for every table to 0 at the start of the day
- processes orders until 0 is entered as the table number; each order starts with a table number from 1 to 20
- for each order, repeatedly inputs a dish number (1 to 8, or 0 to end the order) and a quantity (1 to 10), outputting the dish name, quantity and cost each time
- calculates the order total; if it is over £100.00, a 10% discount is taken off
- outputs the order total, adds it to that table's total in TableTotal and counts the number of orders
- at the end of the day, outputs the number of orders, the total takings and the number of the table that took the most money.

Every input must be validated. You must use pseudocode or program code and add comments to explain how your code works. All inputs and outputs must contain suitable messages. Declare any variables you use.

Accepted Answer

~~~ // MenuItem and ItemPrice contain the data; TableTotal is declared DECLARE Table, Dish, Quantity, NumOrders, BestTable : INTEGER DECLARE Cost, OrderTotal, Takings : REAL // Start of the day FOR Table ← 1 TO 20 TableTotal[Table] ← 0.0 NEXT Table NumOrders ← 0 OUTPUT "Enter the table number (1 to 20), or 0 to finish for the day" INPUT Table WHILE Table < 0 OR Table > 20 DO OUTPUT "Invalid table number: enter 1 to 20, or 0" INPUT Table ENDWHILE WHILE Table <> 0 DO OrderTotal ← 0.0 OUTPUT "Enter a dish number (1 to 8), or 0 to end the order" INPUT Dish WHILE Dish < 0 OR Dish > 8 DO OUTPUT "Invalid dish number: enter 1 to 8, or 0" INPUT Dish ENDWHILE // Add dishes to this order until 0 is entered WHILE Dish <> 0 DO OUTPUT "Enter the quantity (1 to 10)" INPUT Quantity WHILE Quantity < 1 OR Quantity > 10 DO OUTPUT "Invalid quantity: enter 1 to 10" INPUT Quantity ENDWHILE Cost ← ItemPrice[Dish] * Quantity OUTPUT Quantity, " x ", MenuItem[Dish], ": £", ROUND(Cost, 2) OrderTotal ← OrderTotal + Cost OUTPUT "Enter a dish number (1 to 8), or 0 to end the order" INPUT Dish WHILE Dish < 0 OR Dish > 8 DO OUTPUT "Invalid dish number: enter 1 to 8, or 0" INPUT Dish ENDWHILE ENDWHILE // 10% off orders over £100 IF OrderTotal > 100.00 THEN OrderTotal ← OrderTotal * 0.9 OUTPUT "10% discount applied" ENDIF OUTPUT "Order total for table ", Table, ": £", ROUND(OrderTotal, 2) TableTotal[Table] ← TableTotal[Table] + OrderTotal NumOrders ← NumOrders + 1 OUTPUT "Enter the table number (1 to 20), or 0 to finish for the day" INPUT Table WHILE Table < 0 OR Table > 20 DO OUTPUT "Invalid table number: enter 1 to 20, or 0" INPUT Table ENDWHILE ENDWHILE // End of the day Takings ← 0.0 BestTable ← 1 FOR Table ← 1 TO 20 Takings ← Takings + TableTotal[Table] IF TableTotal[Table] > TableTotal[BestTable] THEN BestTable ← Table ENDIF NEXT Table OUTPUT "Number of orders: ", NumOrders OUTPUT "Total takings: £", ROUND(Takings, 2) OUTPUT "Table that took the most money: ", BestTable ~~~

Sample questions with model answers

Question 1

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Question 2

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Question 3

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Question 4

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