Biological Molecules Sample Notes

What is a monomer?

A monomer is small repeating units from which larger molecules are made (polymer)

Give some examples of monomers

Monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides

What is a polymer?

Large long chain molecules made up of many small repeating monomers joined together

What is a condensation reaction?

Reaction that joins two molecules together with a formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a water molecule.

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Reaction that joins two molecules together with a formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a water molecule.

What is a monosaccharide?

Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.

Name the monosaccharides

Alpha Glucose, Beta Glucose, Galactose Fructose

What is a disaccharide and how is it formed?

A disaccharide is formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides. A glycosidic bond is formed between them.

Name the disaccharides and how are they formed? What bond forms?

Two alpha glucose ->; maltose + water

Galactose + glucose ->; lactose + water

Fructose + Glucose ->; Sucrose + water

All of them 1,4 glycosidic bonds and they are condensation reactions