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Teaching Methodologies

Different pedagogies in Teaching English Language Skills

Date : 27/11/2018

Author Information

Faizuddin

Uploaded by : Faizuddin
Uploaded on : 27/11/2018
Subject : TEFL

Teaching Methodology

First Understand the Learner`s capabilities.

Learners are different types. They can t read or write even native language. Native language may not have a written form. Learners may be young or old. They come from many different countries. They may not speak even a little English. But they may be fluent in spoken English But unable to read and write. Some have no familiarity with alphabets. Don t know phonetics of alphabets. It is harder for them the sound-symbols to decode words. Learners come from different Societies with a strong oral tradition, but drastically different to a technologically driven culture. Many may not have the minimum oral vocabulary and others may have an extensive oral vocabulary, but feel frustrated as they are in the same group of learners. They are not familiar with basic words and phrases. People learn differently. We can t predict how fast an adults will learn English

So instructors should understand the learners and also an Instructor should understand himself, his teaching methodology. Whether it is fit for all types of learners?

There are different teaching methodologies for effective teaching:

  • Manage class rooms effectively and make comforts to learners.
  • Organize the lessons units to connect the learners real life needs
  • Create lessons in such a way, learners feel the sense of accomplishment after completing the task group the learners to the level of their learning capability.
How to Increase the English Language Skills?

Learning methodologies can connect the learners to the out side world. Teaching the oral skills by showing pictures to reinforce the new vocabulary. Build oral vocabulary when teaching reading and writing. Ask the learners to copy the new names and items to practice. Provide a sound practice of letters, syntax awareness, dictate the phrases and write on the board allow the learners to copy and allow the learner to read sentence by sentence.Letter recognition can be taught by giving word cards or writing words on the board and ask the learner to circle out a specific letter from the word. Instructor can read few words and ask the learners to write the word containing the specific letter. Some learners have problem, how words are connected to form a sentence. Word cards are made from a sentence and kept in disordered way. Ask the learner to arrange the cards in order to make the sentence and ask to read them.It is important to teach practice on spoken vocabulary before they practice reading and writing. Learners can recognize the letters and sounds and can write words to make sentences. Always apply the real life application of language skills, which is called Experimental learning. Time line show is most important in language teaching. If the learner is unable to accomplish the objectives within a time line, then there is some thing wrong. Language learning is a process. There are different ways of teaching. The learner should first understand the features of English. Then practice the language. Finally he should practice the conversation in English with other learners.

There are three types of instructional methods in teaching ELS.

  • Total physical response
  • Audio-lingual method
  • Cooperative language learning
Total physical response:

This method is a sequence of commands the teacher gives to the students. Commands are given to the students to understand and to response with some kind of physical movements. This method will work well with the adult learners, as they don t need to speak. Only they should concentrate the meaning of commands. All the learners are required to understand the commands. Listening the command and giving response by physical movements is quite easy for the learners. Listening the command and giving response by physical movements is quite easy for the learners. But giving response by speaking becomes difficult to some of the learners. Trying to speak the new language English to the learners create stress and make them uncomfortable.

Audio-Lingual Method:
The Audio-Lingual method of teaching English is also called the oral approach. It is based on the structural of the language and behavioral theory of language learning. Development of English language listening and speaking skills is its final goal. The goal of Audio-Lingual method is accurate pronunciation and grammar. Learning to respond quickly and accurately in speech situations. Acquiring knowledge of sufficient vocabulary to use with the patterns of grammar in this method and mistakes are avoided. Language skills are learned more effectively. First they are presented orally, and then in the form of writing activities are:reading dialogues, repetitions of sentences, and drilling.

Cooperative Language Learning Method
Instructors and students have interaction with each other. Learners essentially teach each other, by asking and answering questions. This method allows the learner to actually use the language that they have learnt. In this method the teacher does not need to talk at all approximately in the session.

These methodologies work more effectively and the learner can be benefited by the following:

1.Total Physical Response Method can helps students to understand the features of a language.

2. Audio-Lingual Method can allows students to practice a language.

3. Cooperative Language Learning Method can give the opportunity to the students to use the language that they have been learning

Grammar Translation Method

This method is often used to teach TEFL. It is not commonly used to teach TESL. This is for bi-lingual or multilingual instructors. English is taught through translation of learner s native language. This method focuses on the Morphology, syntax,, elaborate explanations of grammar..Exercises and activities are on translating sentences` Texts from learner s native language into English. But it is not the best method. A very little attention is paid to communication and content. Many EFL instructors like it. Translation is the easiest method of explaining the meaning of words and phrases.

Phonological Processing

It is the ability to understand that letters in an alphabetic writing system. It represent sounds in spoken language.

phonemic awareness is the ability to understand the breakdown of words into sequences of phonemes or sounds.related to phonics. An approach to language learning teaches the relation with the letters to the sounds it is a meta-linguistic ability. Meta-linguistic ability is the capacity to understand the rules of a language but not simply speaking.It recognize and manipulate the component sounds in words

The word cap has three sounds

The p in cap, is the same as the third sound in the word map.

Phonological processing is easier for learners with a background in an alphabetic language. It is the ability to break down words into their component parts. Sound out these units allows readers to decode unfamiliar words and read them. This approach to reading is known as phonics. Phonics is an instructional approach to reading. Phonological awareness can be taught by listening games rhyming, words and sentences, awareness of syllables, initial and final sounds, phonemes, letters, and spellings. Sound out these units allows readers to decode unfamiliar words and read them.

Teaching phonics:

It is best way to combine it with the whole language approach. It emphasizes the use of learner s background knowledge, familiarity with context to predict the meaning

Listening and Speaking Activities

Identify sounds with letters. Learners should already have oral exposure to the vocabulary before introducing these activities

"Show me the card"

This is one of the most popular activities used by many ESL instructors

First, the instructors should pickup a few consonants to focus on them.

. F Father

M Mother

B Brother

S Sister

then give flash cards to the learners containing these consonants. Ask the learners to hold up the card

Ask the learners to practice with the sound of the initial consonant of that particular word

Instructors can review the initial letters F, M, B, S, and ask the learners to practice the sounds

When the Instructor say the word the learners should show the card of the initial letter.

Minimal pairs is another game

Create a two-column chart of words on the board that are the same, except with one different letter sound. Practice reading the words together. Let learners copy the chart. Read one word from each row and ask learners to circle the word they hear.

Reading and writing activities can review the initial letters F, M, B, S, and ask the learners to practice the sounds. When the Instructor say the word the learners should show the card of the initial letter.

Grammar Translation Methodology.

Native language is translated to English language. May be Hindi to English or Telugu to English or Tamil to English or Urdu to English.we give exercises of translations to the learners.

So there are many Good methodologies linked with the pedagogy of Bloom`s Taxonomy. It consists of the learning objectives of cognitive, effective and sensory domains

This resource was uploaded by: Faizuddin