The Adjective In Arabic Language

The adjective in the Arabic language is called /NAAT/, it has the /AlSIFA/ name as well which means the 'descri ption'. In Arabic structure the adjective comes after a noun to clarify some of its conditions or to clarify what is related with a noun. An example of adjective that clarifies the condition of a noun is: 'the hardworking student has come'. And the example of adjective that clarifies what is related with a noun is 'the son of the hardworking man has come'. So in the first example the adjective 'hardworking' has describes the state of the student himself, and in the second example the adjective does not describe the state of the 'man' himself but it clarifies what is related with him, who is the 'son'. So the rule of adjective is to distinguish between those who share one noun, then if the described one is known so the rule of the adjective is to clarify,y and if the described is unknown so the rule of adjective in this case is to specify . When I say the 'hardworking Ali has come', I have clarified which person has came in case there is more than one Ali. And when I say 'be a friend of a wise man' so I specified this man by his manhood from the other men. There are five detailed points related to this rule:

1.1 The condition of adjective

The origin of the adjective is to be a derivative noun, like the active participle and the passive participle. An example of the active participle is 'the hardworking student has come'. The example of the passive participle is ' the lovely Khalid is a good man'. The adjective can be a verbal sentence or equential sentence as we will see later The adjective can be a static noun understood through derivative noun. This status has nine phases: 1 Infinitive/verbal noun like: 'he is a trustworthy man' and 'you are a fair man' 2 Demonstrative pronoun, for example 'be generous with this Ali' 3 /tho/ which means that person who possesses something, like 'the man with knowledge has came' 4 Relative pronoun related by /al/ , like 'the man who has been hardworking has come'. 5 what refers to the adjective, for instance: 'four men has come', which means that those men are counted by this number 6 the noun which is followed by the attributive /yae/ like ' I saw a fassi man' . 7 what indicates resemblance , for example 'I saw a tiger man'. This means a brave man. And 'Mr. so and so is a wolf man'. This means that he is a crook person because wolfs are described by being crooks. 8 /ma/ of a common noun ; we aim by using /ma/ to mean the amphibology like 'someone was lionized'. This means that the lionized person has no special characteristics. Sometimes we use amphibology to indicate the horribleness of an action. An example of that 'for someone-unknown reason Kasir removed his noise'. 9 The words /kol/ and /ay/ : to indicate that the described one is perfect. For example: 'you are a man, an entire man'. The speaker means by this that this man is lacking nothing from the characteristics of good-perfect men.

2 Real and causal adjective Adjective, in Arabic language, splits to real adjective and causal adjective. The real adjective is what clarifies an attribution from the attributions of its follower like 'the author Khalid has come'. The causal adjective is what clarifies an attribution from the attributions of what is related with its follower like 'the man whose handwriting is good has come. 'the author' in the first example clarifies the attribution of its follower, who is Khalid. But 'good' in the second example does not clarify the attribution of the man, because the aim is not describing the man, but it clarifies the handwriting manner of the man which is directly related with the man, because he is the person who has such capability. Finally, Adjective should flow the 'attributed' in analysis, singular, plural, dual, masculine, feminine, and in the definiteism and indefiniteism.

2.1 The singular adjective, the adjective phrase, and the adjective prepositional phrase.

The adjective is able to be divided to three types: singular, phrase and prepositional phrase: The singular adjective is what is neither an adjective phrase nor an adjective prepositional phrase, for instance: 'the humble man has come'. The adjective phrase occurs when the verbal sentence is attributed by the same verbal sentence. For example: 'the man came holding a book'. The adjective phrase occurs, as well, when the equential sentence is attributed by the sentence itself. The example of this case is: 'the man, whose father is generous, has come. The adjective phrase has its conditions; it must be an informative phrase , and it must contain a personal pronoun that relates it with the attributed person, either the personal pronoun is mentioned, 'a man came to me holding his son', or hidden like 'a man came holding a book', or estimated as in the verse from the Quran "and fear a day 'when' no soul will suffice for an other soul at all". 'When' does not exist (in the original scri pt), but it is estimated . The adjective prepositional phrase happens when a genitive with a noun replaces the adjective like 'I saw a man on his horse'. The origin of this phrase is ' I saw a man existing/being on his horse'. This way it is called a prepositional phrase.

2 The cut adjective

The cut adjective means that an adjective is cut from following the noun before it. The reason for using the cut adjective is for performing a rhetoric purpose. By using the cut adjective the meaning of the speech gives a powerful imaginary. This kind of adjectives is used to show compliment, vilification, mourning and among other things. An example of cut adjectives is 'I supported Khalid, the pour'.

Summary Unlike English Arabic adjectives follow the noun they modify, which is somehow easier, because when you start with the noun first you will easily modify the adjective that comes afterwards accordingly either to its masculine, feminine, dual or plural form. A small house: baitun sagheer ??? ???? (literally house small). Just like Spanish & German ., Arabic has masculine and feminine adjective forms, we learned in a previous lesson how to form the feminine from masculine in nouns, same steps will be taken to form feminine adjectives too. Let's go over the rule of forming feminine from masculine form, which includes feminine adjectives with some: In Arabic to form a feminine adjective from the masculine, you simply add "taa' marbuta" which looks like ((?, ??? to the end of the adjective. for example: Arabic Adjectives

Big: Kabeer ???? (masculine) ? Big: kabeera ????? (feminine) Small: Sagheer ???? (masculine) ? Small: sagheera ????? (feminine) Beautiful: Jameel ???? (masculine) ? Beautiful: jameela ?????(feminine)

Note that adding the "taa' marbuta ?, ??? " is not always the case to form the feminine of a masculine adjective. There are some exceptions to this: Colors and most adjectives starting with "a" " ? " for example take in most cases a different form, which is represented in this model word ? (?a??aa'), the steps to model our feminine irregular adjective is: extract the consonants from the masculine adjective and place them respectively in the place of the question marks, here are some examples: Blue ? azraq ???? (masculine) ? zrq (raw consonants) ? (?a??aa') raw model ? zarqaa' ????? (after replacing the ??? with the consonants) Dumb ? abkam ???? (masculine) ? bkm (raw consonants) ? (?a??aa') raw model ? bakmaa' ????? (after replacing the ??? with the consonants)