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Atmospheric Pressure (GCSE Physics)

The following is a GCSE Physics test covering 'Atmospheric Pressure' from the broader topic Forces. The test is geared towards the AQA exam board style syllabus.
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A hydraulic jack uses a small-area piston with force F1 to produce a large force F2 on a larger-area piston. Which principle explains this?
Why does atmospheric pressure decrease as altitude increases?
Which equation gives the pressure at a depth h in a fluid of density ? under gravity g?
Aneroid barometers have no liquid. How do they work?
A cube with base area 0.25 m2 is under atmospheric pressure 1.01 × 10^5 Pa. What upward force must match the downward force of the atmosphere to keep equilibrium?
A closed container at sea level has absolute pressure Pabs. If we define gauge pressure Pg = Pabs - Patm, what is Pg when the container is evacuated to perfect vacuum?
An air pocket under a car tyre will change pressure when the tyre rolls over a bump. What causes the local pressure increase under the tyre?
A student measures the force of the air on a square plate of side 0.50 m. If atmospheric pressure is 1.02 × 10^5 Pa, what is the force on the plate?
A sealed syringe contains trapped air. If the plunger is pushed slowly reducing the volume but temperature is kept constant, what happens to the pressure inside?
Why do we need to know atmospheric pressure when calibrating sensitive laboratory balances?
Which instrument directly measures atmospheric pressure?